viagra.jpg

History

Sildenafil (compound UK-92,480) was synthesized by a group of pharmaceutical chemists working at Pfizer’s Sandwich, Kent research facility in England. It was initially studied for use in hypertension (high blood pressure) and angina pectoris (a symptom of ischaemic cardiovascular disease). The first clinical trials were conducted in Morriston Hospital in Swansea.[2] Phase I clinical trials under the direction of Ian Osterloh suggested that the drug had little effect on buy viagra, but that it could induce marked penile erections.[1][2] Pfizer therefore decided to market it for erectile dysfunction, rather than for angina. The drug was patented in 1996, approved for use in erectile dysfunction by the Food and Drug Administration on March 27, 1998, becoming the first pill approved to treat erectile dysfunction in the United States, and offered for sale in the United States later that year.[3] It soon became a great success: annual sales of Viagra in the period 1999–2001 exceeded $1 billion.

The British press portrayed Peter Dunn and Albert Wood as the buy viagra of the drug, a claim which Pfizer disputes.[4] Their names are on the manufacturing patent application drug, but Pfizer claims this is only for convenience.

Even though sildenafil is available only by prescription from a doctor, it was advertised directly to consumers on U.S. TV (famously being endorsed by former United States Senator Bob Dole and football star Pelé). Numerous sites on the Internet offer Viagra for sale after an “online consultation,” often a simple buy viagra questionnaire. The “Viagra” name has become so well known that many fake aphrodisiacs now call themselves “herbal Viagra” or are presented as blue tablets imitating the shape and colour of Pfizer’s product. Viagra is also informally known as “Vitamin V”, “the Blue Pill”, as well as various other nicknames.

In February 2007, it was announced that Boots the Chemist would trial over the counter sales of Viagra in stores in Manchester, England. Men aged between 30 and 65 would be eligible to buy four tablets after a consultation with a pharmacist.[5]

Pfizer’s worldwide patents on buy viagra citrate will expire in 2011–2013. The UK patent held by Pfizer on the use of PDE5 inhibitors (see below) as treatment of impotence was invalidated in 2000 because of obviousness; this decision was buy viagra on appeal in 2002.

Mechanism of action

Part of the physiological process of erection involves the parasympathetic nervous system causing the release of nitric oxide (NO) in the corpus cavernosum of the penis. NO binds to the receptors of the enzyme guanylate cyclase which results in increased levels of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), leading to buy viagra muscle relaxation (vasodilation) of the intimal cushions of the helicine arteries, resulting in increased inflow of blood and an erection.

Sildenafil is a potent and selective inhibitor of cGMP specific phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) which is responsible for degradation of cGMP in the corpus cavernosum. The molecular structure of sildenafil is similar to that of cGMP and acts as a competitive binding agent of PDE5 in the corpus cavernosum, resulting in more cGMP and better erections. Without sexual stimulation, and therefore lack of activation of the NO/cGMP system, sildenafil should not cause an erection. Other drugs that operate by the same mechanism include tadalafil (Cialis) and vardenafil (Levitra).

Sildenafil is metabolised by hepatic enzymes and excreted by both the liver and kidneys. If taken with a high-fat meal, there may be a delay in absorption of sildenafil and the peak effect might be reduced slightly as the plasma concentration will be lowered.

Dosage and price

As with all prescription drugs buy viagra dosage is at the discretion of a licensed medical doctor. The dose of buy viagra for erectile dysfunction is 25 mg to 100 mg taken not more than once per day between 30 minutes and 4 hours prior to sexual intercourse. Viagra Viagra

It is usually recommended to start with a dosage of 50 mg and then lower or raise the dosage as appropriate. The drug is sold in three dosages (25, 50, and 100 mg), all three costing about US$10 per pill. Name-brand Viagra sildenafil is not scored and a fairly hard coating makes it more difficult to accurately cut the pills in half, even with a pill cutter.

The dosage for pulmonary buy viagra hypertension (Revatio) is one 20 mg tablet three times a day.

Viagra pills are blue and diamond-shaped with the words “Pfizer” engraved on one side, and “VGR xx” (where xx stands for “25”, “50” or “100”, the dose of that pill in milligrams) buy viagra on the other. Words are not printed on the pills.

Revatio pills, which are used for PAH, are white, round, film-coated tablets imprinted with “RVT 20” on one buy viagra and “Pfizer” on the other.

Current

Art Game - We hope to develop a game that helps assist and develop the players art skills.

 
projects/index.txt · Last modified: 2008/04/24 17:47 by alechandro
 
Recent changes RSS feed Creative Commons License Donate Powered by PHP Valid XHTML 1.0 Valid CSS Driven by DokuWiki